The family of Basidiomycetes is a non-systematic group, including species of mushrooms, similar in type of nutrition, lifestyle, but different in external data and type of reproduction. Mushroom tinder fungus, or chaga, belongs to this department. It is found on the bark of deciduous trees.
Tinder fungus picking
The appearance of the mushroom
The tinder fungus reaches 1.6 m in diameter, weighs 5-6 kg. The fruiting body of the fungus tinder fungus, aging, is transformed into a keratinized formation resembling a tree bark in structure. Externally, the plant resembles hoof-shaped processes.
The trumpet fungus more often forms mycorrhiza with deciduous trees, less often parasitizes on conifers. Resin destructively affects the formation of mycelium.
Types of tinder fungus are similar in shape. The fruit body is saucer-shaped, bent downward, however, it can also be leveled. The color palette is diverse, ranging from gray to cinnabar red. Settled singly, however, there are species that parasitize entire groups. Spores quickly spread to nearby trees.
Description of tinder fungus:
- tubular hymenophore;
- the mycelium of the fungus affects the bark and cambium of the tree, less often the root system;
- type of food parasitic;
- the pulp has white flesh;
- spore reproduction.
The eukaryotes growing on the stalk have a dense structure. Leg height - 4-12 cm. Mushrooms come into symbiosis with bark, cambium and tree roots. The interaction of spores with the inner layers of the cortex is harmful to plants. The tinder fungus-parasite settles on fallen dry trees.
Mushroom species
Types of tinder funders:
- tinder fungus, oak, red;
- changeable, hunchbacked tinder;
- hardwood tinder (larch);
- tinder fungus sheep, tuberous - grow on a stem, use soil as a substrate;
- branched tinder fungus, coconut-shaped poria;
- winter tinder;
- tinder fungus;
- real mantle (slant tube);
- fox (orange) tinder fungus;
- edged (lamellar) tinder fungus.
The kind of tinder fungus that affects the roots of trees was called switzerland. In the forests of the Russian Federation, tuberous, oak, black, brown, scaly, spruce (gartiga), agaricus are common.
Tinder fungus - edible mushroom. Some varieties are considered inedible, because their taste is much inferior to other mushrooms. In general, they are almost not dangerous.
Poisonous fungi are false and volatile.
Tinder fungus is considered an edible mushroom
The fruit body is distinguished by an unusual structure. It tolerates winter cold, summer heat, high humidity. Perennial eukaryotes belonging to the kingdom of mushrooms destroy wood. Spores penetrate damaged wood and begin to multiply actively. The tubular hymenophore consists of thin threads - hyphae.
Gifs penetrate into the deep layers of the cortex and, secreting enzymes, dissolve even the strongest cell membranes that the fetus feeds on. Under the action of enzymes, a red and brown putrefactive solution is formed. Thin hyphae are transformed into thick skeletal ones. Saprophytes use wood as a substrate.
The shape of the fruit body is distinguished by:
- Sedentary species - attached to the tree on one side, may have a side leg;
- open - cakes rooted to wood: black or brown, depending on the shade of the bark;
- growing on the stem.
Beneficial features
The medicinal properties of tinder fungus began to be used for a long time. Examples of its use are found in the medical literature of Ancient Greece, China. The fungus tinder fungus is a saprophyte containing in its composition a mass of resinous substances, polysaccharides, vitamins and minerals. Of particular benefit is the young May mushroom.
Features of the medical tinder fungus consist in hemostatic, antimicrobial action. Agaric acid helps to eliminate toxins, cleanses the body of toxins and cholesterol plaques. Polysaccharide lanophiles allow you to gently cleanse the liver, help improve blood circulation.
Settling on trees, the parasite destroys them. Despite this, it belongs to the sanitary varieties that cleanse the forest of old trees, which makes it possible for the young to develop fully. Its value in agricultural activity is invaluable. The parasite produces a large number of living bacteria, under the influence of which old trees quickly decay and turn into fertilizer.
In a garden, the appearance of fungi on trees is prevented through the implementation of elementary agrotechnical rules. If preventive measures are not taken in time, but simply remove the mushrooms from the bark, they grow annually and, like a sponge, absorb useful substances from cambium. As a result, you have to uproot the tree.
Contraindications
Taking medications created on the basis of fungus fungi causes a serious allergic reaction, so be sure to observe safety precautions. Improperly prepared young mushroom tinder fungus causes poisoning. It is edible, but a contraindication to treatment with fungus fungi is pregnancy, lactation. Children are not treated with tinder medicine at all.
You should abandon therapy if there is a history of urolithiasis, a violation of the gallbladder. When diarrhea does not use foliar tinder: it has a laxative effect.
Fields of application
The mushroom is used in cosmetology
There are several areas of application of fungi-fungi: culinary, cosmetology, medicine. Each has its own variety.
Ciliated, smoky, cedar and pink are commonly used in cosmetology. From them produce means for rejuvenation. Under the influence of agaric acid, hay bacillus is destroyed. Some species are used in cooking. They are conducting active research in the field of the production of medicines that save people from AIDS.
In cooking
In cooking, they use umbrella, maple, sheep, scaly, real (ordinary) tinder fungus. Mushrooms do not differ in good taste, therefore they enjoy dubious success in cooking. Only young specimens are suitable for food. Pipers are pickled, dried and salted.
Mushrooms should be collected away from highways. They, like a sponge, absorb toxins from the environment. Mushrooms that live on the bark of living plants are of great benefit.
In medicine
The most useful tinder larch. Scope - treatment of obesity. Nutritionists prescribe a drug based on it for weight loss in patients with impaired metabolism. It is useful for constipation, dysbiosis.
Birch and aspen tinder fungi are similar in composition to larch. They have analgesic properties, stimulate regeneration at the cellular level. Healing mushroom is used to combat various pathologies of internal organs. Saprotrophs are used in the countries of the East for the treatment of impotence, cancer.
Doctors warn of the dangers of self-treatment. Before taking drugs based on eukaryote, it is necessary to consult with your doctor and choose the appropriate variety for treatment. When buying a drug, be sure to carefully consider the instructions, take into account possible side effects.
The most useful mushrooms, the place of growth of which is birch and aspen. They prevent the development of blood poisoning, improve the state of the nervous system, and help reduce the temperature. A drug based on live bacteria called Befungin is sold in pharmacies. Some mushroom pickers make their own medicine.
The mushroom must be carefully collected by cutting with a sharp knife from a tree. Then it is dried in the sun, crushed into powder. 150 ml of alcohol are taken per 5 g of raw powder. Tincture is used in the treatment of diseases of ENT organs, as a dietary supplement. A eukaryotic ointment is made by mixing the powder with vegetable oil.
Deciduous medicinal tinder acts as a natural sorbent. The use of drugs based on it allows you to prevent the development of infection. Ointments are used to restore wound surfaces. Representatives of the species grow on deciduous trees, as the name says.
A multicolored flat mushroom merging with the bark of a tree is harvested in May. The raw materials are thoroughly dried, crushed and used as a hemostatic agent. Tincture helps in the treatment of immunodeficiency. When collecting medicinal mushroom, it is better to use a special determinant of toxicity.
Cultivation methods
To grow eukaryotes at home, it is imperative to study the features of its relationship with the substrate, as opposed to other fungi. It is characterized by parasitism. The substrate is made of sawdust, shavings and young branches. It is poured with boiling water and cooled to room temperature.
Take a flat white mycelium of the fungus and mix thoroughly with the soil mixture. The mass is placed in plastic bags, cuts are made in them, and then placed in conditions of high humidity (80%). As soon as the first crop has appeared, it is harvested and used for its intended purpose.
Dry stumps or wooden bars are well suited for growing. Having made a deep incision in the trunk, a white mycelium is placed in it. The bacterium will develop faster in high humidity. After 4 months, a generation of mushrooms appears, which is harvested to get a new one.
Conclusion
The lower kingdom of mushrooms includes different species that are similar in some ways. One of the most useful is chaga or tinder fungus. Tinder fungi on the trees, their roots.
The beneficial properties of tinder fungi allow the use of extracts from them as medications for the treatment of many diseases. Take tinctures based on eukaryotic extracts are allowed to people who have undergone a preliminary examination.
