The pear is famous for its delicious, juicy and wholesome fruits. Planting pears in open ground is a certain way.
Rules and terms for planting pears
Choosing a landing place
You need to choose the right place for planting the pear. An adult pear is not transplanted because it can die.
Planting of seedlings is carried out on a flat area where groundwater lies deep. The place should be well lit by the sun in order to grow a healthy tree with a good harvest.
It takes time for the fruit to ripen, depending on the climatic conditions and plant variety:
- for early varieties - at least 3 months;
- for medium - 3-3.5 months;
- for late-ripening - 3.5-4 months.
This rule applies provided that the summer is warm. The optimum temperature is 15-20ºС.
Properly plant a pear in the spring on a windless site. The tree withstands frosts down to -25ºC, provided that the weather is quiet.
Soil composition
Planting pears is recommended in light, loose and permeable soil. It should be fertile land enriched with organic matter and minerals.
Landings should be located at a distance of 3 m from farm buildings. So, as the root system of adult trees grows, it can fully develop.
Pollination
The rules for growing pears imply their placement on a site between other fruit trees. This will provide them with good pollination and abundant harvest.
Landing pit preparation
Good yield with proper planting
After the site is selected, they proceed to the question of how to plant the pear correctly.
Landing requires a pit 1 m deep and 80 cm wide. In such a space, the root system will fully develop. The correct depth for planting pears is determined taking into account the length of the roots of the seedlings: when planting, the roots should be fully straightened.
Organics Bookmark
Before planting the plant, the planting pit is fertilized. From 3 to 5 buckets of compost or rotted manure are poured into it, depending on the dimensions of the landing pit.
Addition of mineral fertilizers
For these trees, organic matter alone is not enough, therefore, in addition to compost (manure), mineral fertilizers are poured into the pit.
You can prepare the mixture from the following ingredients:
- sand - 2 buckets;
- phosphate fertilizers - 200 g;
- Agricola preparation - 30 g;
- potash fertilizer - 60 g.
All ingredients are mixed and mixed with dug garden soil. The resulting mixture is filled in the pit. Also, 2 buckets of water are poured into the dug hole. In the process of watering, add a solution of dolomite flour (600 g per 10 l of water). This substance is an excellent deoxidizer.
After watering, the pit is left for 2-3 weeks. During this time, the earth will settle, and the nutrients will completely dissolve. This will eliminate the risk of root burns.
Before planting pears, pits are watered with Cornerost solution. The proportions are as follows: 3 tablets of the substance per 10 liters of water.
Selection of planting material
Currently, there is a wide variety of varieties. Most popular pears:
- Larinskaya;
- Bergamot;
- Children's;
- Seedless;
- Veles;
- Honey
- Moscow;
- November;
- Forest beauty, etc.
Each variety has its own ripening period and fruit taste. In order to grow a healthy and abundantly fruitful garden, it is important to choose the right variety.
Choose seedlings grown in nurseries or sold in the garden market. They are carefully examined for damage and the presence of diseases. During the inspection, do not touch the roots: they are saturated with substances for further growth of the tree.
So that the pears after planting are easily adapted, the planting pit is sprayed with a root growth stimulator. For this, the drug "Kornevin."
Landing Features
You need to plant a pear according to all the rules
Planting seedlings in open ground is an important stage in the cultivation. A step-by-step instruction for planting trees is as follows.
It is necessary to plant a pear in spring when the heat stabilizes and the threat of the last spring frosts passes. In the middle lane, pears are planted in the middle or end of April. In the regions of the southern strip - in late March-early April. In any case, the pear is planted before the start of swelling and blooming of the vegetative buds.
A stake is driven into the center of the landing pit, which serves as a support for the young tree. The stake should rise above the surface of the soil by 50-70 cm. After this, in the center of the pit, the earth is poured with a knoll. A sapling is placed on top of the knoll and its roots are spread. From above, the root system is covered with soil so that the root neck is at a height of 5-7 cm from the soil surface.
Shake the pear during planting so that the soil lies evenly and fills the voids between the roots. Plantings are slightly crushed, sprinkled with a thin layer of humus to prevent evaporation of moisture.
Further care
Care consists in timely watering, competent crown formation, regular loosening of the soil and timely removal of weed grass. The first procedure increases the moisture and air permeability of the soil, the second - protects against invasion of parasites, such as aphids. This pest especially loves to feast on the juice of young foliage of seedlings and causes diseases in trees.
In the first years of life, young plantations on the site do not need fertilizer, quite enough fertilizing, introduced when planting a pear tree. Care consists in timely watering. It is important to prevent the soil from drying out, otherwise the young plant will lag behind in growth or bear fruit in small and tasteless fruits.
With the onset of late autumn, tree trunks are covered with spruce branches to the first lower tree branch. Such protection protects young seedlings from freezing and cold winds.
Harvesting
It is important not only to plant a pear tree correctly, but also to take the crop on time. The ripeness of the fruit is determined by variety. When the pears have reached the desired size and yellowness has appeared in the places where the stalks are attached, it is time to harvest.
If some fruits are still green, you should not worry: in a warm place they ripen quickly. Overripe fruits lose their juiciness and aroma.
A summer pear is plucked about a week before ripening. Just during this time, they will ripen and be fit for use. Mid-season (autumn) varieties are removed in September, and only after a month will they reach the necessary maturity and juiciness. Harvesting late (winter) pears is carried out before the onset of the first frost. Such fruits are distinguished by hardness and astringency, but at room temperature they quickly reach and gain the necessary taste.
Planting cuttings
Cuttings should be with healthy leaves
One of the simplest and most effective ways to get new pear trees is to plant cuttings. The main advantage of the new tree obtained in this way is the safety of all varietal characters of the maternal specimen and rapid fruiting (after about 2-3 years).
Harvesting material
For the middle, southern strip and northern regions, there are different deadlines for harvesting cuttings in the summer. In the middle lane they are cut in the second decade of July, in the south - at the end of July or at the beginning of August, and in the north - at the end of June.
To obtain a young tree, cuttings are used that are well ripened with a lignified vine. It is important that the shoots are healthy and fruitful.
Leaflets on branches should be open, except for the topmost one.
Cuttings are cut in the early morning. At this time, they contain a lot of moisture. The lower section is made obliquely towards the kidney, the upper - horizontally above the eye. Each workpiece should have 2 internodes and 1-2 pairs of leaves. Cut cuttings are placed in a container of water, covered with transparent polyethylene. To accelerate the formation of roots in the water, the drug "Kornevin" is added.
Landing
A few days later, cuttings are planted in seedlings. The bottom of the tank is filled with nutrient soil, consisting of chernozem and organic matter. Upstairs there is a layer of hot sand - 5 cm. Sand is watered with water with the addition of Kornevin.
The optimal depth of planting of cuttings is 1.5 cm. The distance between plantings of pears is 10-15 cm. If you plant cuttings of pears close to each other, they will not be able to fully develop and build up the root system. Some gardeners plant plants in pairs in one seedling tank.
Planted cuttings are covered with transparent polyethylene to create greenhouse conditions.
Landing care
The main care for planted shoots is to periodically ventilate, providing good lighting without direct sunlight. They also need periodic watering. To prevent soil churning, plants are watered by irrigation from a spray gun.
Rotting leaves are removed because they can lead to rotting of the trunk and the death of cuttings.
After the appearance of the first roots - after about 1-1.5 months - frequent seedlings are ventilated to adapt to the new temperature regime.
Transfer
Young plants are transplanted to a new place in the garden in early autumn. Boxes with cuttings dig into the ground. With the onset of cold weather, they are insulated with improvised material: spruce branches, needles, sawdust - to protect from winter frosts.
In the spring, as soon as the heat is stabilized, the seedlings are transplanted on a previously prepared bed in the open ground.
Transplanting young seedlings to a new and permanent habitat is possible only after a year.
Another way of cutting
The cut and prepared stalk is dipped in a glass bottle filled with water. In this case, the foliage should not come into contact with water, otherwise the stalk will rot. The container neck is covered with garden var and a bottle is dug into the ground so that the edge of the neck is 15-20 cm underground.
A sprout dipped in water is cut off, only 3 eyes are left on it, located above the soil surface. The twig is covered with a transparent film, periodically aired and moistened. After a while, it releases roots directly into the soil around the bottle.
You can transplant a finished seedling to a new place after he reaches 2 years of age. In the cold season, it is protected by any covering material.
Care
After successful survival, seedlings need good care. Abundant watering is important for young plants.
For a two-year-old pear, regular fertilizing with mineral and nitrogen fertilizers is carried out: at the beginning of the growing season, at the stage of ovary emergence and after harvesting.
Conclusion
Planting a pear in the garden involves selecting a site with nutritious soil, timely planting, regular fertilizers and watering. Only under such conditions will the garden please a healthy, tasty and juicy crop.
