Growing grapes is a painstaking process that requires knowledge and skills. The growth and fruiting of seedlings depends on proper planting. Planting grapes in the spring involves observing a number of rules. Step-by-step instructions for planting grapes in open ground will be useful for beginner growers.
Grape planting in spring
Methods for planting grapes
There are two ways to plant grapes in spring:
- already ripened seedlings acquired in the nursery;
- cuttings from your own vineyard.
You can plant grapes in spring cuttings or seedlings. The second option is more common: correctly prepared chubuki require less maintenance
Rooting cuttings
Harvesting material
Cutting cuttings carried out in the fall. It is necessary to properly preserve and root them in the winter, so that by spring the material is ready for planting in open ground.
The preparation of grapes for planting in the spring is carried out in several stages.
The shoots, which were stored for a long time in a cool room, are removed and cut into cuttings with 3-4 buds. The top of each vine is cut, retreating a couple of centimeters from the nearest eye. The lower sections are made with a knife to remove the remains of the damaged cambium.
After the workpiece is made, the cuttings are dipped for a day in distilled or boiled water. To stimulate rooting, a heteroauxin root growth stimulator is added to the water. You can also use another makeup based on honey - 15 g of bee product per bucket of water. Instead of heteroauxin, the drugs Fumara, Gumisol, Charkor or sodium humate are used. The dosage is selected in accordance with the instructions on the package.
After a day of soaking, the cuttings intended for planting grapes in the spring are removed and dried for half an hour. After that, 2-3 longitudinal sections with a knife are made on each chubuk. Wounded places watered with the drug "Kornevin."
Harvested vines of different varieties are folded separately and signed so as not to be confused when planting on the site.
Rooting process
To root grape chubuki at home, you need any transparent container: a jar or a plastic bottle without a top. The bottom of the bottle is covered with a thick layer of cotton wool, then it is poured with warm boiled water.
To eliminate the risk of decay of the cuttings, a weak solution of potassium permanganate is added to the container. You can prevent clouding and flowering of water by putting 1-2 pieces of charcoal on the bottom of the bottle.
After that, the vine is lowered into the water and placed in a well-lit place, for example, on the windowsill.
Care Features
All shoot care is to control the water level, which should remain the same. Moistened cotton wool is an effective protection of chubuk from drying out. Roots appear in the place of the moistened part of the vines, or rather on their nodes.
Some gardeners use the technique of more quickly rooting grape shoots. Transparent polyethylene is put on a container with chubs. Under such conditions, the humidity level rises, the risk of moisture evaporation is eliminated, and the Chubuki themselves release vegetative buds faster.
To speed up the process of rooting the vines, a container with planting material is placed on the radiator, laying cardboard under it.
Seedling Formation
A seedling at home is formed in 3 weeks. First, kidneys appear on it, then roots on the lower sections. The timing of rooting is affected by the quality of the Chubuk and their variety. In some cases, rooting begins a month or two months after placing the Chubuk in a container of water.
Sometimes cuttings release only buds, without roots. In this case, the strongest stepchildren are removed, one branch is left. It is permissible to leave the weakest branch: it gives faster roots compared to a large and thick vine. The first shoot deprives the future seedling of the necessary nutrients, so often rooting from strong and dense chubuki fails: the roots do not appear.
All the rudiments that appeared on the shoots are immediately removed, since they deplete the vine and take the juices out of it.
If on the lower cut of the vine appeared colus tubercles, the rooting process was a success. It is from these tubercles that the roots develop.
The selection of seedlings in the nursery
Choose a grape variety
Growth, development and fruiting of a vineyard depend on the quality of the purchased material.
When purchasing seedlings in a nursery, pay attention to their appearance. Any signs of the disease indicate that such a seedling is sick and should not be bought.
For growing grapes at home, annual seedlings with several thick roots up to 10 cm long are chosen.
Before planting in open ground, seedlings are decontaminated. To do this, use a special solution of 200 g of heteroauxin; 400 g of clay and 10 l of water.
Preplant preparation
The first step is to prepare a suitable site with good soil for planting grapes.
Site preparation
To plant grape cuttings in spring or purchased seedlings with roots are recommended in a well-lit area, since grapes are a light-loving culture. It is important that the vineyard is located in a calm place.
Grape cuttings are planted in spring in two ways:
- planting in the sandy soil is carried out by laying seedlings in a dug trench;
- it is recommended to plant grapes on loamy soil on ridges.
Spring grape planting is not recommended on a site with a close passage of groundwater: in the lowlands it will not be possible to grow a good vineyard, moreover, it will meagerly bear fruit or even die from an excess of moisture.
Planting grapes in the spring is necessary in fertile soil. If there is no fertile soil on the site, you will have to prepare it. In this case, planting material is planted in a fertile pit.
To prepare a fertile pit, you need a loose, light and humus-rich garden soil with a neutral pH level.
Departure Dates
Spring planting of branches with roots or seedlings of grapes in open ground in different regions of the country is carried out at different times. The main condition for planting is favorable air temperature (15 ° C) and soil (10 ° C).
The optimal landing time for the southern regions is the end of March-mid-May, in the middle lane - the second half of April-early June.
Harvesting pit
To prepare, the pit is not only dug up, but also properly fertilized. A landing pit for planting seedlings and chubuk is being prepared in the fall. It is fertilized with nutrients. The optimal dimensions of the landing pit - 80 cubic meters. see. This place is enough for laying roots and fertilizers in subsequent years of growing seedlings.
During the excavation, the soil heaps are divided into 2 parts. One pile will go under the top layer, the second will be used for the bottom layer. The layer of the landing pit should not exceed 10 cm. The first layer of earth is laid on the bottom of the landing pit, since it is the most nutritious. After that, lay a layer of the nutrient mixture with a depth of 10 cm. For its preparation take 40 kg of manure, 0.5 kg of nitrogenous fertilizers and 0.5 kg of wood ash. On top of this mixture is laid 10 cm of fertile garden soil. All are mixed, a layer of fertile soil is poured on top. Ground laying is carried out until a distance of 20 cm remains to the top of the pit.
Such a planting pit for planting grapes during the winter will absorb moisture and, along with nutrients, will become an excellent base for growing a young vineyard.
Grape planting
Seedlings are ready
Planting grapes in the spring is necessary in the center of the planting pit. During the winter, the landing hole managed to absorb moisture and sag well. A hole is made in the center of the prepared hole (40 cm). At the bottom of a dug hole is a mound on which grapes will be planted.
In the spring, grape cuttings are planted in the soil along with the roots to the first lowest bud of the cuttings. Then the soil is slightly crushed, watering is carried out. Under one plant spend up to 10 liters of water.
To preserve soil moisture and prevent drying of vines and roots, after planting, plants are covered with garden film or with a voluminous and transparent container. As soon as the threat of the last frost passes and the plants adapt to the new growing conditions, the shelter is removed.
Lignified seedlings of a year old mulch with a layer of earth (20 cm). Vegetative sprouts (sprouted chubuki) sprinkle with sand and cover with a cardboard box, making a hole for the passage of vines. After 2 weeks, the young vineyard is freed from the soil and such imprisonment.
Care Features
Basic rules for caring for the crop:
- Regular loosening of the soil, which ensures its moisture and air permeability.
- Watering restriction for planting. Watering for young seedlings is often and obligatory until they reach the age of two. Abundant watering of adult plants is carried out in early autumn. Also, do not water the bushes before flowering, otherwise all formed buds will crumble. Excess moisture will inhibit the ripening process of berries.
- Lack of shading of young plants. In the shade, they will develop poorly and give a meager harvest of berries.
- Lack of top dressing until the seedlings reach 3 years. In fertilized soil there are enough nutrients that the plant will have for several years.
The above method can be used to plant grapes of all edible varieties: isabella, rakatsiteli, Moldova, etc.
Useful tips and tricks
In order for the young vineyard to develop well and bear fruit, it is necessary to be guided by the rules of its spring planting and cultivation:
- Grapes should be planted in spring according to a certain pattern. Each grade has its own planting scheme. For varieties and hybrids of the juice-wine direction, they maintain a distance between seedlings of 80 cm, for table varieties - 1.5 m. Aisles are 2-2.5 m.
- An important role is played by the correct grouping of plants by maturity and frost resistance. This approach is necessary to provide timely and proper care to the vineyard. So it will be possible to exclude unnecessary procedures for spraying plants and their shelter, and this will greatly facilitate care.
- The grafted seedlings are recommended to be planted not vertically, but at an angle, tilting to the ground as much as possible, otherwise the development of a young plant will be problematic.
- In the process of growth, grapes with vertical polarity are tied upright to the trellis. Such care will provide seedlings the same growth.
- Sprinkling is another harmful water treatment for grapes. If you water the grapes too often on the leaf, this can trigger the development of a number of diseases. In addition, in excessively moistened soil, plant roots can rot.
Planting Girl's Grapes
Girl's grape belongs to the decorative varieties. It is an excellent decoration for gazebos, arches, terraces and other home gardens and structures. Planting seedlings or sprouted shoots of plants should be in loose, moisture-permeable and fertile soil with a low level of acidity.
For the seedlings, dig a hole 60 cm deep, 50 cm wide. The dug up earth is mixed with a bucket of compost or humus, half a bucket of sand is added. At the bottom of the landing pit put half a liter of ash and 200 g of phosphate fertilizers. The nutrient mixture is mixed, laid with a mound. On the hill, the roots are leveled, the seedling is dug up with earth, after which they produce abundant watering.
To grow a thick ground cover carpet, seedlings are planted denser: at a distance of 60 cm from each other. In each hole you need to plant 2-3 branches. Until the grapes have time to grow, a support is installed next to it in the necessary direction.
In the process of growth, wild grapes are watered and tied up. Wild grapes do not need top dressing. Also, it does not need to be covered, since it belongs to frost-resistant varieties.
