Popular summer varieties of pears are unpretentious in care. Early ripening species are suitable for planting in any soil. The variety is grown in the warm climatic conditions of Ukraine, the Caucasus and central Russia.
Description of summer varieties of pears
A variety of early ripe crops
All types of garden crops are conditionally divided into summer, autumn and winter. If you choose a late hybrid for Russia, you can not guess with the time of its flowering, therefore, summer early ripe crops are appreciated not only for delicious fruits, but also for early ripening.
Hybrids were bred by selection of different fruitful varieties - the resulting species survives well and withstands environmental temperature differences. Their trees grow rapidly and produce a stable crop every year.
Among the many summer species stand out:
- Klapp's favorite;
- Red Favorite;
- Lemon
- Bashkir;
- Oily;
- Duchess;
- Esmeralda;
- pear Big summer.
Summer varieties of pears have good endurance - they survive a harsh winter, if the soil is properly fertilized. For these species, proper care is required, which includes watering, introducing nutrients into the upper layers of the soil and pruning excess shoots. The choice of summer crops involves the preparation of a suitable plot of land for the rapid growth of seedlings.
general characteristics
Summer varieties, such as Velikaya or Esmeralda, are early species. Fruits reach removable ripeness until the fall. The average harvest time from such a tree lasts from a week to a crescent. If the summer was rainy, the harvesting time is reduced. The summer pear variety is not stored for long - up to a week in a cold, dark room.
A pear called Klappa's Beloved ripens from late August to early September. She has average winter hardiness. The first fruits on the tree appear at 4-5 years of regular watering and fertilizing the soil. The advantages of this type include self-fertility, immunity to common fungal diseases and high productivity.
Tree description
Knowing the description of the variety, it is easier to make a plan for future planting. Early ripening culture is growing rapidly, and it needs free space. The Bashkir pear reaches 4 m in height. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is sparse, but the leaves are large. The bark of the trunk peels slightly. It is smoother - over the years, the bark becomes dark brown.
The crown is broad, pyramidal in shape. The average life expectancy is 40-50 years. The early ripe species actively grows only in the first 2 years, after which its lateral branches begin to grow. The color of the branches is dark gray, and the wood is fragile. Fruits form on the glove. White inflorescences are large, during the flowering period there are many on the branches.
Fruit Description
Pear Oily or Large is distinguished by large fruits. They are juicy, with a pleasant taste. Description of the appearance of the fruit:
- the skin is thin, but does not crack, even in the rainy season;
- the weight of one fruit is from 250 to 300 g;
- the skin is green, and when the fruit ripens, it is yellow;
- a blush appears on each fruit as it ripens.
Large or oily smooth to the touch. According to the description, the pulp of the fruits is white, dense and with small veins. Seeds of small size, dark color. The juicy fruit quickly deteriorates, so the pear is often grown for their own needs, and not for sale. The Big Pear variety rarely crackes, and the flesh retains its flavor.
Growing and planting
A pear cannot be planted in the lowlands
The Great Summer pear variety is planted in early spring as soon as the ground warms up. One-year and two-year seedlings are used. Prepared material is planted in the landing pit. The bottom of the pit is covered with fertilizers - this layer of nutrients will nourish the seedling for several years. Before planting a tree, you need to dig a nearby territory well: the porosity of the soil increases, and with it the degree of moisture penetration increases.
For planting, a plot in the lowlands is not used - it will collect water from the whole garden and stagnate (this phenomenon will lead to rotting of the root system). Other garden crops will become cross-pollinators for the young tree: Saint Germain or Panna. Regular watering is established 2-3 weeks after planting a seedling, before the root system does not need water. Until the variety blooms, the soil at its root layer is not fertilized. Pruning is done in early spring.
Landing
Oily summer pears sit in ordinary soil. Avoid too wet or dry areas. Nitrogen and mineral fertilizers will help improve the quality of clay soil. It is better to choose soil with a good drainage layer - such simple conditions will help the seedling in the early years of active growth. A seedling with elastic healthy shoots is selected. Before landing, it is carefully checked and washed. If the planting pit is prepared 2 weeks before the day of planting, the seedling is soaked in water for 3-4 hours.
Pear variety A large summer crop is trimmed before planting - broken or rotten roots are removed. If in the spring it was not possible to plant a seedling, it is planted in the autumn, but before the first frost. The depth of rooting into the ground is 90-100 cm. Additionally, a peg is installed in the pit, which helps to fix the young tree. The root neck is located 5 cm above the ground. Soil is poured on top of the root system and rammed well. Around the seedling is a roller that allows you to retain moisture around the rhizome. Immediately after planting, the tree is watered with 3-4 buckets of water.
Plant care
Garden crops that ripen early, are regularly fed, watered. Also, the tree needs to form a crown. In autumn, the seedling is fed with mineral fertilizers, and closer to summer, phosphate-potassium mixtures. For adult crops, fertilizing the upper soil layers is ineffective, therefore, wells are drilled at a small distance from the tree, into which liquid fertilizer is poured. In spring, early ripe crops are fertilized with nitrogenous substances. In dry weather, the root and trunk are sprayed with fertilizers.
Pear Orlovskaya summer, like any early ripe variety, is resistant to drought. One healthy tree accounts for at least 10 liters of water. Irrigation occurs every 3 weeks. The older the tree becomes, the less water it needs. The number of irrigations is reduced, but the amount of water added at a time increases). Watering is intensified during flowering, when the peel of the fetus is already yellow, and during a period of severe drought. The last regular watering is carried out after harvesting - after which the tree is watered as the soil lump dries. The tree has been trimmed since the 2nd year - it is necessary to limit its growth in height. After this, the tree is cut every 3 years - broken or diseased branches are removed.
Diseases and Pests
Summer pears are insured against fungal diseases, but they can suffer from scab. To prevent such a disease, timely prevention of Bordeaux fluid is carried out. Processing 1 p. per month.
Fruit rot, rust and powdery mildew may appear on the branches. Succulent fruit and foliage suffer from pests. If fruit rot or powdery mildew appears, the tree is treated with chorus. Keep an eye on the neighboring crops in the garden, which are carriers of various diseases.
Conclusion
An early ripe species is selected for its rapid growth, stable harvest and resistance to common diseases of horticultural crops.
